Adhesive bonding is often an appropriate choice for joining similar/dissimilar substrates (various substrate combinations, e.g., metal-to-metal, metal-to-composite, metal-to-rubber, metal-to-glass, metal-to-wood, etc.). The advantages of using adhesively bonding techniques instead of classical mechanical fasteners can be listed as joining similar/dissimilar materials, significantly reducing the stress concentrations, providing more-uniform stress distributions along the overlap length, savings in weight and cost, eliminating any cuts/holes in the joint, etc. Adhesives produced from the traditional tools have been used for thousands of years.